EPA

EPA, or eicosapentaenoic acid, is a long-chain [omega-3](/glossary/omega-3-omega-6) fatty acid sourced mainly from marine oils, best known for its role in moderating inflammation. Unlike its partner [DHA](/glossary/dha), which is prized for neural and retinal development, EPA is the omega-3 most often discussed for joint comfort, skin and coat health, kidney support and cardiovascular function, because the signalling molecules it gives rise to tend to be less inflammatory than those derived from omega-6 fats. This is why fish oil rich in EPA and DHA is a common addition to diets aimed at osteoarthritis, chronic skin conditions and kidney disease, always under veterinary guidance for therapeutic use. EPA is found chiefly in oily fish such as salmon, sardine and anchovy, and the fish oils derived from them. Dogs and cats convert the plant precursor alpha-linolenic acid into EPA only poorly, and cats especially so, so a direct marine source is the dependable way to supply it. On a label, EPA is usually delivered through named fish oils and sometimes quoted as a percentage alongside DHA. Because these polyunsaturated fats oxidise easily, a food rich in EPA must be protected with adequate [vitamin E](/glossary/vitamin-e). See the [Petipedia glossary](/glossary) for related fatty acids.

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