L-carnitine

L-carnitine is a compound derived from the amino acids [lysine](/glossary/lysine) and [methionine](/glossary/methionine) that shuttles fatty acids into the mitochondria, the cell's energy factories, where they are burned for fuel. Because it sits at this gateway between fat and energy, it is of particular interest in two contexts: cardiac support and weight management. The heart relies heavily on fatty acids for energy, and L-carnitine deficiency has been linked to dilated cardiomyopathy in some dogs, with supplementation forming part of the management in selected cases under veterinary guidance. In weight-control diets, L-carnitine is added on the rationale that it helps the body use fat as fuel and may help preserve lean muscle during calorie restriction, and some studies support a modest benefit. The body can synthesise L-carnitine itself from its amino-acid precursors, given enough [vitamin C](/glossary/vitamin-c), iron and B vitamins, so it is not classed as an essential nutrient for healthy dogs and cats; the richest dietary source is red meat, which is where the name carnitine comes from. On a label, L-carnitine appears among the additives in heart and light recipes. As a supplement it is generally considered safe, but therapeutic use should be discussed with a veterinarian. See the [Petipedia glossary](/glossary).

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